Eveline :: essays papers

Eveline In the short story Eveline, James Joyce bring outs Eveline an exciting chance to conduce her old life and begin a new one. exactly she rejects this offer by choosing between Frank and Fate, she preferred instead to settle back into the lousy life she had known all her life. Why doesnt she retire from with Frank when she had great opportunity by forgetting the horror that she went through? Eveline had been raised as a Catholic, and it was very difficult for her not to keep a call off of her dead mother. It wasnt right of her mother to ask her daughter to sacrifice herself. We know that Eveline will always be haunted by that promise, but we didnt expect her to give up her life for this.We certainly know that Eveline wanted to leave her abusive, bad-tempered, heavy drunken induce. Her father was taken advantage of his daughters promise, and that promise forcing her to keep the hearth for her father. He had so frightened her with threats of beating her. Eveline real ized that with her brothers gone, there is no one who can protect her from her father. To leave her father would be a great idea for her, but that promise killing her. Evelines home life was so unhealthy, despite all the chores she performed in her house she still didnt feel comfortable there. The dustiness of the house, which Joyce always reminds us in the story, told us that the dust made her sufficed all the time and made her sick and frighten away of this town and her life. Eventhough she had many reasons to leave her town, she still preferred to stay with her lousy father. The main reason why Eveline didnt leave Ireland, because she was afraid of unknown and victorious risks which she wasnt prepared to deal with that in her future. She chose to leave her wonderful man Frank who can give everything she desires. But instead she chose to stay in this imposing town with her father and with her promise, which she made to her mother. By staying in this town it will always rem ind her of what kind of mistake she made by not choosing to leave with Frank. Eveline was afraid of failing on her own. She was scared that she might explore another life with a great person like frank who was willing to give her his life.

My Idea of a good life :: essays research papers

My idea of the legal lifeDepending you are a man or a woman, there elicit be some aspects and opinions of the good life. Depending your rich or poor, there are many aspects. Some people say money is the key to a good life, but I do not think that. The age means something, but I have my opinion and have my own examples, and I ordain tell you, and can only speak for my self. From childhood you need good solicitous parents. If you have good parents, it has good effects on you, but if you have bad parents that beart care about you, it will have negative effects on you and your future. Of course, thats not a rule, but in most cases that will be the chance. My parents raised me well and have always loved me, and I love them too. If your life has to be good, you always need some resistance from your parents, so it isnt all sugar in your childhood. Resistance will surely be good for you. My parents always there to support me. Support is very important for your life no matter your 5 ye ars old or 60 years old. They have been there to support and guide me, whether it is badminton, school or any other problems. So its very important to have parents, and most important, parents that supports and guides me.Then you grow up and contracts older. You start in school and get a lot of friends hopefully. I see the school as a important thing for your life, why that is the way to build up a good education, so you can have a job when your finishing school. For people who do not blow up, education is the same as a apt future. Friends are probably the most important things for your life. If your have friends you are never alone, and thats why you cant live without friends. A couple months agone I moved to Aalborg (I live alone), and first I was afraid of being alone the first while. I found surprisingly many friends, and they made me olfactory perception home. For me, the most important thing, besides my family, is badminton. I train 6 times a week, and that does not include tournaments in weekends. It helps me stressing of and it helps keeping in shape. Badminton gives me lot of experiences.

Essay --

Dr. Seuss was one of the influential well known childrens author. His books are still read to children today. My personal favourite book of his is Horton Hears a Who. His real name is Theodor Seuss Geisel. He was born on March 2, 1904. Was an a American writer, poet, and cartoonist. He was most widely known for his childrens books write and illustrated as Dr. Seuss. He had intentiond the pen name Dr. Theophrastus Seuss in college and later used Theo LeSieg and Rosetta Stone.Geisel Published 46 childrens books, often characterized by imaginative characters, rhyme, and frequent use of anapestic meter. His most-celebrated books include the bestselling Green Eggs and Ham, The shed in the Hat, The Lorax, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish, Horton Hatches the Egg, Horton Hears a Who, and How the Grinch steal Christmas. His works have spawned numerous adaptions including 11 television specials, four features films, a Broadway musical and four television series. He won the Lewis Carro ll Shelf Award in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And to think That I Saw It on mulberry street. Geisel also worked as an illustrator for advertising campaigns, most notably for Flit and measure Oil, and as a political cartoonist for PM, a New York City newspaper. During World War II, he worked in an animation department of the United States Army, where he wrote convention for Death, a film that later won the 1947 Academy Award for Documentary Feature.He was a perfectionist in his work and would sometimes spend up to a year on a book. It was not uncommon for him to throw out 95% of his material until he settled on a theme for his book. For a writer he was usual in that he preferred to be paid only after he finished his work rathe... ...heir original appearances. In May 1954, Life magazine published a report on illiteracy among school children, witch concluded children were not learning because their books were boring. Accordingly, William Ellsworth Spauldi ng, director of the teaching method division at Houghton Mifflin, who later became its chairman, compiled a list of 348 quarrel he left were important for first graders to recognize and ask Geisel to cut the list to 250 words and write a book using only those words. Spaulding challenged Geisel to make a children book that they cannot put down. Nine months later, Geisel, using 236 of the words given to him, completed The Cat in the Hat. It retained the drawing style, verse rhythms, and all of the imaginative power of Geisels earlier works, but because if its simplified vocabulary it could be read by pundit readers. The Cat in the Hat

Students and School Uniforms Essay -- essays research papers

Students and School UniformsThe implication of school uniforms on the public school system would make a dramatic positive change for the students now and in the future. Currently the public school system allows casual dress code attire throughout the United States. Differing from private school institutions, where uniforms atomic number 18 mandatory. School uniforms are beneficial to the students and to the parents of these students. Secondly, uniforms provide structure and unity within the schools. Lastly, school uniforms make the environment in which the students conduct in for approximately 6 7 hrs. of their solar day a safer place. How much does it cost to dress for school? The prices in the bearing market targeted to school age children are on the rise yearly. The $28 one million million million childrens apparel market experienced continuous growth from 1998 to 2003 up 32% (Key note publications, 2003), this statistic showing the growth in spending on fashion garb for yo ung children. The clothing market now being a large expense for parents of these children. The purchasing of school uniforms is proven to be less expensive than the emulous fashion market at this time. School uniforms are typically purchased yearly, with the growing child. This lessening the amount of money spent on uniforms and attention paid to the fashion markets competiti...

Dance: My First Love Essay -- Personal Experience, Personal Narrative

Dance has been a part of human history since the earliest records of human life (Praagh 30). Cave paintings found in Spain and France from 30,000 -10,000 BC had life-like drawings of dancing figures participating in rituals. They illustrated the prominence of terpsichore in early human society. Later in the Renaissance Era a new stance towards the body, the arts, and dance was originated. The courts of Italy and France became the center of new developments in dance, providing support to dancing masters and musicians who created large scale social dances for the acknowledgment of celebrations and festivities. In the court of Catherine de Medici, the Italian wife of Henry II of France, the first forms of ballet stemmed from the genius dancer, Balthazar de Beauhoyeulx. In 1581, Balthazar displayed the first full-length ballet for an audience. His piece was an idealized dance that told the story of a legend by combining spoken texts, intricate settings, and costumes with group da nces full of strong technique (Praagh 100). In 1661, Louis XIV of France granted the organization of the first royal stag Academy of Dance (Praagh 101). Because of this, during the next centuries, ballet developed into a high-class discipline and art form. Social couple dances such as the minuet and the waltz began to turn out as a display of free will and expression. In the 19th century, the era of romantic ballet reflected the struggles ballerinas had in the new time period in such ballet classics as Giselle (1841), Swan Lake (1895), and the Nutcracker (1892) (Praagh 125). At the turn of the new century, with the commotion of World War I, the arts reflected a major questioning of values and a hysterical search for new forms that reflected individual expression an... ...orld of dance.BibliographyWorks CitedBaughman, Kristen Martha Grahams Life. Graham Index. 1998.http//userpages.wittenberg.edu/s02.cscaia/graham_life.html (20 Dec. 2000).Conner, Lynnen Chapter 3 The Modern Dan cers. Early Moderns. 1996.http//www.pitt.edu/gillis/dance/martha.html (20 Dec. 2000).Marshal, Stephanie. Personal Interview on Dance Experience. Butler, PA, 18, Dec. 2000.Maynard, Olga. American Modern Dancers. Boston Little, Brown, and Company.1965.Praagh, Peggy. The Choreographic Art. New York Alfred A. Knopt. 1963.Teachout, Terry The Dancer Martha Graham. Time 100. 2000. http//www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/graham.html (12 Dec. 2000).Zermeno, Rogelio. saltation to Success. Martha Graham. 1994. http//www.csc.calpoly.edu/rortizze/graham.htm (15 Dec. 2000).

Dance: My First Love Essay -- Personal Experience, Personal Narrative

Dance has been a part of human history since the earliest records of human life (Praagh 30). Cave paintings found in Spain and France from 30,000 -10,000 BC had life-like drawings of dancing figures participating in rituals. They illustrated the prominence of terpsichore in early human society. Later in the Renaissance Era a new berth towards the body, the arts, and dance was originated. The courts of Italy and France became the center of new developments in dance, providing support to dancing masters and musicians who created large scale social dances for the acknowledgment of celebrations and festivities. In the court of Catherine de Medici, the Italian married woman of Henry II of France, the first forms of ballet stemmed from the genius dancer, Balthazar de Beauhoyeulx. In 1581, Balthazar displayed the first full-length ballet for an audience. His piece was an idealized dance that told the story of a legend by combining spoken texts, intricate settings, and costumes with g roup dances full of strong technique (Praagh 100). In 1661, Louis XIV of France granted the organization of the first majestic Academy of Dance (Praagh 101). Because of this, during the next centuries, ballet developed into a high-class discipline and art form. Social couple dances such as the minuet and the waltz began to bulge out as a display of free will and expression. In the 19th century, the era of romantic ballet reflected the struggles ballerinas had in the new time period in such ballet classics as Giselle (1841), Swan Lake (1895), and the Nutcracker (1892) (Praagh 125). At the turn of the new century, with the commotion of World War I, the arts reflected a major speculative of values and a hysterical search for new forms that reflected individual expression an... ...orld of dance.BibliographyWorks CitedBaughman, Kristen Martha Grahams Life. Graham Index. 1998.http//userpages.wittenberg.edu/s02.cscaia/graham_life.html (20 Dec. 2000).Conner, Lynnen Chapter 3 The Mo dern Dancers. Early Moderns. 1996.http//www.pitt.edu/gillis/dance/martha.html (20 Dec. 2000).Marshal, Stephanie. Personal Interview on Dance Experience. Butler, PA, 18, Dec. 2000.Maynard, Olga. American Modern Dancers. Boston Little, Brown, and Company.1965.Praagh, Peggy. The Choreographic Art. New York Alfred A. Knopt. 1963.Teachout, Terry The Dancer Martha Graham. Time 100. 2000. http//www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/graham.html (12 Dec. 2000).Zermeno, Rogelio. terpsichore to Success. Martha Graham. 1994. http//www.csc.calpoly.edu/rortizze/graham.htm (15 Dec. 2000).

Perception of the African American Males Essay

Afri rouse Americans males atomic number 18 considered dangerous based on a false identity, misconceptions, and misinformation that atomic number 18 available in the media this includes but is not limited to criticize music, news, and TV shows. This misconception can be t line of achievementd as far back as slavery. The perception of dark-skinneds males as creation dangerous began when the slave came to America on 1619. collectible to the situation of being treated as property, to be freely bought and sold, and that the owner was free to split up a couple or family at any time simply by selling some of his/her slaves. African slaves started to behave in a hostile manner.Because of their demeanor the Caucasians immediately started to classify the slaves as being dangerous, and they need to be tame as if they were wild animals. This lead the slave masters to start putting chain and walking around with their rifles when they would be in the fields with them. As it was stated in The Brut Caricature, it portrays fateful men as innately savage, animalistic, destructive, and criminal deserving punishment, and maybe death. Due to the disconfirming influence and portrayals of African Americans males, these individuals atomic number 18 often misguided. The nature vs.nurture theory comes into play. I. e. Low income discolor males are predisposed to innate qualities, while sortal traits are learned i. e. through the media. Get Rich or Die Trying is the mentality of most African American males with the help of the media. Most males see themselves as rap stars, sports stars, and or comedians. There is limited exposure of African American as doctors or lawyers at an early age its learned that their chance of conquest in purport is limited. The men in the low income communities have the tendencies of wanting to become like the white man.The main problem is that they portray the subject of give-up the ghost rich quick. These perceptions cause them to turn into drugs, and from there into violence and crimes. According to a 2006 National Urban League report a trine of black males will spend time in prison before their 35th birthday. This fact could be because of the high school dropouts and the poor understanding they get from society. Yes, I said the poor understanding from society, because black men are one of the least understood groups in our country. mass dont cheek at the conditions that cause a lot of black men to be in the situations theyre in today, they just look at the results. According to my findings, among men, blacks (28. 5%) are near six times more than likely than whites (4. 4%) to be admitted to prison during their life. I also noted that there are more black males in prison in America than are in college. (The Black and White of Justice, Freedom Magazine). Volume 28. An other consequence for African Americans its that the monster image given by the Caucasian people are carry by the poor African American people.Accor ding to Stallworth (early 1990s) young black males continue to follow patterns of slavery times. Many run into white Americas image of them legitimately by becoming successful gangster rappers, others fulfill these image illegitimately by becoming bad niggers Rappers, therefore reinforce the popular belief that as bad ass niggers young black can achieve fame, recognition, and sense of being (somebody). If they lose, however, they can face a long stay in our jails and prisons or even bodily injury and death. Which its mishap now days. Media and the African American Males.According to the book Black Demons there is a black pathology a fundamental weakness in African American families that can be traced to their experiences as slaves. The news media, for example, have taken the lead in equating young African American males with aggressiveness, lawlessness, and violence. Likewise, the diversion media have thirstily taken their cue from the journalists, and these false images not onl y affect race relationship but also create a self felling prophecy for African American youngsters, whose limits of achievement can be determined for them by suggestions in the media.A commonalty stereotype about African American men is that they are engage in drug abuse a disproportionate way which its not true because according to statistics from the US department of Health and clement services that although eight percent of African American males cocaine, eleven percent of whites have use the same drug. This is, however, not the impression that we get from watching the level local news or even an episode of television program COPS. Blacks Stereotyped of Being Intellectually Inferior and Criminals. Another common negative stereotype, establishes the African American male as intellectually inferior.Studies directed by psychologist Claude Stale, indicate that African American teenagers are aware that they are stigmatized as being intellectually inferior and the go to school beari ng what psychologist Claude has called a burden of suspicion Such burden can affect their attitudes and achievements. These shadows hang over stigmatized people no matter their status or accomplishments. These stigmas have the potential to roll them of their individually and debilitate their attempts to break out of the stereotypical roles.Blacks are the repository for the American precaution of crime. Ask anyone, of any race, to picture a criminal and the image will have a black face. The linked between blackness and criminality its routinized by terms such a black-on-black crimes or black crimes. I also have to mention the black brute stereotype arise in the early 1870s. Such stereotype is one of the pictures white Americans have in their heads about black men as savage, violent amazingly strong and not caring about right and wrong.Even today according to my findings , blacks are three times more likely to be physically threatened, harmed or killed because if their race than whit es. So this idea of whites as peaceful and blacks ad threatening to white is not rooted in fact. It is rooted in something else. Yes, there are black men who are violent and savage, who do unspeakable things. But there are white men like that too. In either case they are hardly common enough to reasonably determine ones ideas about the ordinary people of their race. Rap Music and its influence in African American malesRap music celebrates vulgarity. Indeed, it markets vulgarity that is its product. It is the vulgar excesses of rap-the profanity, the over-sized jewelry, the naked acquisitiveness, the sexual aggressiveness-that are its hallmarks. New media attention on rap music seems obsessed on instances of violence at rap concerts, rap producers illegal use of musical samples, gangster raps lurid fanatics of cop killing, and female dismemberment, and Black Nationalist rappers suggestions that white peoples are devils disciples.It seems that rappers to notice the influence they have in people mostly African American people, and by say this type of things they send an incorrect message to their fanatics and other people in general. In most of the songs you can find a high level of aggravated language, images, and high crimes scenarios. . According to the authors of these songs, they just make it for the entertainment of their fans without thinking of the image they are given of their people and themselves.One question and some(prenominal) answers from our society I took the duty to find out the perception that common US citizens have towards African American males, by submitting a question on (answersyahoo. com) people from all around our country answered to my question. The following are the answers to my survey. People poisonous stereotypes the black males with the 5 DsDumb, deprived, dangerous, deviant, and disturbed. Lazy & uneducated Drug dealers Poor Hate other races They are dirty Loud, obnoxious, rude My Opinion.For these reasons and many other African American males are consider dangerous for our society. But stop and think for a minute, are they all really dangerous or this is only a big misunderstanding? Can we judge them all as a whole, or there are some of them that can be excluded of being stereotyped as dangerous, criminal, etc? In my opinion we cannot judged them all as a whole and we should also try to understand the reasons substructure their actions. We have to learn how to be open minded and see things from different perspectives.We also have to realize that not everything that we see and listen in the media is incessantly the truth, there is always a second part of a story and most of the time we fail to look for that second part. African American behavior has been shaped by us (society) because of our mistreatment towards them and our racism I believe if we change the way we look at them and express about them, they will change their behavior and we no longer will have to use the statement of dangerous when referring to a African American male. Conclusion.To conclude to this issue in question I just have to say Black or white, God gave us the opportunity to succeed, and regardless of the situation we are dealt, we can all live the life we imagined. After s days of research I cant say there is a wrong or right theory about African American males because everyone has their own way of thinking and their own opinion. But just to add the world would be shocked to know that the majority of black men make the right choices and build successful families and careers every day in America, yet are rarely discussed in the headlines. Bibliogaphy.

Emily Dickinson comparison of Poems Essay

In 1859 Emily Dickinson wrote a poem about death. In 1861 she rewrote that poem with very dissimilar imagery making it a lot darker. The poem itself is rather short, only two stanzas. The first stanza is only changed by one word, though its implication is significant. The insurgent stanza however changes completely, from light and spring like to dark and wintery. Thither is also significant change in punctuation and additional dashes in the second piece. This is a classic characteristic of Emily Dickinson writing and since she never explained it to anyone before her death we can only take a guess as to what it really means. In the 1859 discrepancy she writes, Sleep the meek members of the Resurrection. In the 1861 version it is changed to Lie the meek members of the Resurrection- . She immediately changes the tone of the poem from existence at peace with death and awaiting the resurrection to just being there, not waiting for anything and unaw be of what is happening. The word L ie completely cancels the notion of Resurrection in the second piece. Further changes in the first stanza are only in use of punctuation and capitalization. Though it is unclear what Dickinson means by it. The ending of the first stanza in the 1859 version says balk of satin, And roof of gemstone. In the 1861 version she ends with Rafter of Satin- and Roof of Stone I feel that in the second version she is ending with much more emotion and putting much more furiousness on the location of the deceased.She seems to be much more impatient or irritated. Maybe due to the fact that these meek or humble people are lying in such a nice place that is not only made of white marble, but also covered in satin and stone which in the time of this poem being written would be a symbol of wealth and power. In the 1859 version of the poem, Dickinson personifies death with images from spring. Spring is the time of conversion and resurrection. It is a part of nature and the natural cycle of things. The person or persons that are dead in the 1859 version were once wise people, Ah, what sagacity perished here They can no longer hear the babbling of the bees or piping of sweet birds. There is no indication of time or who is dead in this version either. When Dickinson rewrites the poem in 1861, she names the fallen as doges. Doges were chief magistrates in Venice in the very early part of Venetian history. Their Diadems have fallen, meaning their power and dignity, have fallen with death. Soundless as dots- on a Disc of Snow- Death is personified with images from winter. Winter is the end, dark and cold, withno sign of metempsychosis or sprightliness. No babbling bees or piping birds in winter, just silence and death. Making the overall tone of the poem a lot darker than the first version. some other major difference you will notice with the two poems is the image of Heaven. In the 1859 version there is no clearly portrayed image of Heaven.Light laughs the tune In her Castle ab ove them- The person who has died is Safe in their Alabaster Chambers- as the world continues on into spring above them. It is again portraying resurrection and rebirth with images from spring time. In the later version however, Worlds scoop their Arcs- And Firmaments-row is clearly describing Heaven in the sky as being where the deceased is, and the world has stopped in winter as if it all ends with death. There is no resurrection, after death you move on and Grand go the Years after you are gone. As you can see these two poems by Emily Dickinson are very much the same yet also very different. Perhaps it is because of personal changes in her life and her beliefs. Maybe it has to do with changing political atmosphere and the start of the civil war. The changes show a difference in belief when it comes to resurrection and rebirth as strong as a change in her belief of Heaven. The changes in punctuation and capitalization show she is more impatient and maybe even more white-tie in t he later version. It seems to me the second writing of the poem is much more emotionally charged than the first.

Is Liberal Autocracy the Optimum Form of Governance for Lesser Developed Countries?

Is Liberal Autocracy the optimum form of plaque for Lesser Developed Countries? Andre Lim, Joshua Tjahjadi August 2011 1743 address Hypothesis Liberal autocracy is the optimal arranging of governance for lesser-developed countries (LDCs) Democracy at home, and abroad In this essay, the authors aim to comp be the systems of governance in Indonesia and Singapore, as well as how their differences have led to varied repercussions in two countries those (repercussions) that will be closely examined here are the growth/development of lasting governmental institutions, as well as the just determine of law.These are relatively newly-decolonized states existing side by side, in recent years taking different paths of governance. This resulted in wildly different outcomes. What was it about their different political paths that caused the difference? Is the fault with the democratic process, or with their implementation? Is there a current developmental threshold within which commonwea lth is just doomed to failure? Many of these questions traverse along peripheries of political doctrine and liberal ethics. Certainly, nation is an unpredictable, and ofttimes messy process.Only by answering hard questions handle these can it be better understood, and refined. This is what the authors hope to achieve. To start off, however several key terms set-back have to be defined. Liberal autocracy refers to a non-democratically elected government founded on the principles of liberalism, that is a fundamental belief in the importance of liberty and elemental fundamental rights. Notably successful examples include Singapore, and in the past Hong Kong, Taiwan as well as Japan. Lesser developed countries are nations exhibiting down in the mouth levels of socio-economic development.Criterion include- low economic development (GNP of less than 905 USD, per capita) as well as human resource weakness (indicators include Adult literacy, nutrition and education). Liberty vs. Democ racy- Rise of narrow-minded democracies? As Fareed Zakaria once brilliantly put it, there today exists two strands of liberal democracy, both inextricably interwoven into Western political fabric- liberty and democracy. The actor is floundering even though the latter is flourishing. What is the significance of this co-relation?Democracy at its purest essentially means the get hold of the masses, whatever it may entail. Liberty recognizes that every man is natural with certain unalienable rights- rights to religion, to life, to own property and be free from unfair prosecution. These are rights that cannot be infringed upon. Thus the crux of the matter behind constitutional liberty is the plait of institutions a great deal(prenominal) as an independent Judiciary and Treasury to safeguard these rights. Only with a firmly-established Constitutional Liberty can democracy become a line for good.People frequently understand these concepts in reverse. Without the restrictive tenet s of a strong Constitutional Liberty, the democratic process will end up manipulated and reinforcing corrupted/tyrannical/ clumsy governance, elevating mediocrity and triggering stagnation. This is made apparent with Indonesias example. Without the checks and balances provided by libertarian governance, elections much often than not grant victory to illiberal forces. Contrast with Singapores single-party rule that gave rise to political stability and little corruption.A lack of liberty turn erodes the egalitarian and majoritarian principles casted by founders of modern constitutional-democracy doctrine- Madison, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu. After all, the democratic system obviously has more admirable qualities. It allows a peaceful transfer of power, and renders tyrannical rule im contingent. In both Singapore and Indonesia, this conundrum has been made apparent, time and again. 1960s to 2000 Emerging from the upheavals of 1960s, both the LKY and Suharto regime placed utmost emp hasis on stability and order.Thus a common tactic was to stifle political opposition co-opting whoever they could, and proscecuting the rest. For instance, in the 1980s a group of Indonesian intelligentsia composed of former military men, public intellectuals and officials signed the Petition of 50(Petisi 50), criticizing the regimes authoritarian tactics and following a 1984 accusation that Suharto was building a one-party state, the group was cracked down upon and many of its leaders were jailed. In Singapore, many prominent opposition leaders such(prenominal) as Chee Soon Juan and Joshua Jeyaretnam were proscecuted and jailed for their political activities.In both nations, the government also played a major role in different sectors of fraternity be it religion, social or economic. The results were astounding. Between 1960 and 1990, GDP/capita increased four-fold. After the debacle made by the Sukarno regime of economic affairs, Indonesia slowly regained trust of investors, and foreign markets. Hyper flash was brought under control, and as slew of measures were implemented to remove Indonesia competitive again. By early 1980s Indonesia had achieved self-sufficiency of rice production, as well as prefatorial education for all and successful family planning measures.The Golden Age of Autocrats? In the 1960s-1980s, in midst of the Cold War, amidst the geopolitical turmoil engulfing South Asia then, strong leaders were required maintain unity, as well as stability. In a sense, the turbulence of those years gave legitimacy for autocratic rule. In developing countries where the populace was by and large uneducated and politically illiterate/susceptible to radicalism, the strong hand of an Autocrat was required to provide the stability vital to building the economy, creating strong instutions, pushing forwards important reforms. These would in the prox be key to building a working Democracy.If there was one thing men like Mahatir, Marcos, Chiang, lee(prenom inal) and Suharto hold on, it was that in an LDC, the strong, unwavering hand of autocratic rule was necessary to temper populism and keep check radicalism. 2000 onwards Since the fall of Suharto in 1998, Indonesia evolved into a full-fledged democracy. However, democracy has brought about a whole slew of problems. For instance, the judiciarys impartiality and reliability have often been questioned. In June 2011, a judge was caught receiving bribes from a lawyer that amounted to Rp250 million in various currencies.In addition to this, the country also faces problems such as crumbling infrastructure, falling tax revenues, environmental degradation, corruption as well as religious tensions. Singapore on the other hand has been powering forward, be it in terms of education levels, or the economy. Its political elite, un-encumbered by electoral demands is able to make long-term decisions that otherwise would have been rendered impossible in a full-fledged democracy. For example, Singap ore fiscally is exceptionally disciplined.Its population exists on little subsidies, and through measures like the CPF, whereby people pay for their own compulsory healthcare insurance, it has large surpluses and little deficit. This allows the MAS and GIC to invest in new technologies and facilities vital to Singapores long-term growth, such as the Petrochemical facilities on Jurong- Island, or Biopolis biomedical facilities. Contrast this to Indonesia, whereby the electorate is unwilling to give up on fuel and food subsidies they once enjoyed during the boom years, but are nowadays unsustainable and detrimental to Indonesias economic growth.What constitutes good Libertarian Governance? Having looked at the preceding case studies, several correlations can be made between democracy, governance and progress. Firstly, it is that democracy can only become a force for progress and stability were it to come hand in hand with strong governance. When left to itself, democracy by no means l ead to consensus and effective decision making. Instead, it will end up getting manipulated and corrupted by infighting, vested interests and corruption. Take the Indonesian fantan. It is an first example of the democratic process getting hijacked by corruption and ideology.Given that Indonesia lacks strong governmental institutions and mature civil society, the democratic process frequently ends up as a medium for parties in power to battle out their vested interests and for racial, ethnic groups to push forward their own agendas. Some may ask, what is the value of strong institutions? The crux behind Constitutional Democracy lies in checks and balances. No single party should have all the power, instead power and the decision making process should be diffused among the different branches of government.This way, it would render cronyism, patronage politics and in general bad governance less likely. Were this accomplished, decision making rests not so much on who is in power but ra ther the institutions that formulate and implement them. Thus the underlying problem with immature democracies like Indonesia. Without a civil society and strong institutions to balance out the powers of the executive, there is nothing preventing irresponsible governance on the part of those who seek to use democratic institutions to push forward their authoritarian agendas.For instance, with the presence of a strong judiciary and treasury to formulate and implement a just tax code, it would be impossible for Indonesian conglomerates and their cronies in Parliament to push for tax breaks and other concessions. This is inherently undemocratic. What Democracy thenceforth would end up doing is aggravating conflicts and instability, as can be seen in places like Lebanon and Iraq, whereby the approaching of democratic elections have given rise to an ethnically, politically polarized electorate. Secondly, a certain amount of economic growth has to be achieved before a stable democracy c an be established.There exist several reasons for this. On one hand, a government capable of producing sustained economic growth is more likely to be stable and effective, possessing the strong institutions required for this. Their presence increases the chances of a Liberal republican regime surviving. Economic prosperity also means that a society is more stable, with an educated, empowered population likely to hold government account to their actions. Paradoxically, as inherently undemocratic the PAP regime may seem today, Singapore 45 years after independence is closer to becoming a successful Liberal democracy than ever before.Having a motivated, uncorrupt elite in more or less total control of public policy means that Singapore had been able to enjoy decades of sustained economic, political and social growth. This has created stability, as well as strong institutions and a flourishing civil society. With its vast ruling majority, the PAP regime has also been able to build leg islative and judicial institutions that counterweigh the power of the ruling body, since it has no need to cope with frequently detrimental populist sentiments or political infighting.The legislative body can then focus solely on advancing national interests. Therein lies the crux behind effective governance. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be surmised that establishing the pre-requisites required for a strong Democracy is a complicated process. Developing countries lack these pre-requisites, and trying to develop Liberal institutions in these countries under democratic circumstances is arduously tough. When this process fails, as it often does, the Democratic process loses its value as a force for stability.Herein lies the value of a Liberal Autocracy to build the foundations for a working democracy. Certainly, liberal autocratic rule has its disadvantages. With such a high concentration of power within the ruling government, things only work out if the government is able, uncorru pt and works to build the institutions required for future transition to democratic rule. This was the case in Singapore. In Indonesia, the establishment of growth, stability and Liberty came hand in hand with cronyism and patronage politics. This is undemocratic a possible offshoot of autocratic rule.Like Americas founding fathers, Lee and Suharto were both elitists with a democratic cause to improve the lot of as many people as possible. They had one consensus- Democracy has to be meticulously built, rigorously defended. Developing countries require autocracy first, were a strong democracy to be conceived. However, with the advent of profits and a new generation of young people eager for rights and freedoms, this formulae may not work in other developing countries today. After all, any system needs to be revised from time to time. No system last forever.This thus, is the dilemma developing countries face today. They face the problem of consolidation, of making a democratic regime successful, because self-government is never easy. After all, democracy can be entrusted to any society, but not everyone can make it work. (1743 words) Bibliography Hard copy sources 1. future(a) of Freedom- narrow-minded Democracy, At home and Abroad by Fareed Zakaria, W. W. & Norton Company Inc. 2003, ISBN0393047644 2. Conversations with Lee Kuan Yew Citizen Singapore-how to build a nation by Tom Plate.December 1 2010, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, ISBN-10 9812616764, ISBN-13 978-9812616760 3. Lee Kuan Yew-Hard truths to keep Singapore going by Ignatius Low, Chua Mui Hoong, Han Fook Kwang, Zuraidah Ibrahim, Lydia Lim, Rachel Lin and Robin Chan. February 2011, The Straits Times Press, ISBN 978-981-4266-72-7 Soft copy sources 1. Is Media Helping or Hurting Push for Democracy Ismira Lutfia, may 9 2011 http//www. thejakartaglobe. com/arts/is-media-helping-or-hurting-push-for-democracy/440043 2. LeeKuanYew-istan Forever Parag Khanna, May 24 2011 3.Indonesian Democracy at Standti ll John Macbeth, Straits Times Indonesia May 10 2011 4. A Replacement for Suhartos Iron Fist Mohamed Iqbal Ahnaf April 08, 2011 5. Liberalism and Democracy Cant Have One Without The Other Marc Plattner, 1998 http//www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/53815/marc-f-plattner/liberalism-and-democracy-cant-have-one-without-the-other? page=show 6. The Thinker Indonesia Unplugged? Mahpud Sujai, May 27 2011 http//www. thejakartaglobe. com/opinion/the-thinker-indonesia-unplugged/443379 1 . future tense of Freedom- Illiberal Democracy, At home and Abroad by Fareed Zakaria, W. W. & Norton Company Inc. 2003, ISBN0393047644 2 . http//www. indonesia-digest. net/3300suharto. htm 3 . ibid 4 . Jakarta Post, November 5 2009 5 . Future of Freedom- Illiberal Democracy, At home and Abroad by Fareed Zakaria, W. W. & Norton Company Inc. 2003, ISBN0393047644 7 . 6 ibid 8 . 7 ibid 10 . Conversations With Lee Kuan Yew February 2011, The Straits Times Press, ISBN 978-981-4266-72-7 11 . ibid 12 . ibid 13 . Foreign Policy, May 2007

Home Environment and Academic Performance Essay

Nigerian environment is associated with unclassified problems entangled with impoverish unwraplook and being devoid of most modern facilities and infrastructure that could sustain an urban bea. This is clearly manifested on the standard of living and the contribution of the people towards national suppuration. This circumvented problem in the rural areas has adverse effect on the students academic cognitive operation. It is unconditional therefore to exhume the associated rural problem that affects their academic achievement with the prevailing order in the educational arsenal. Most often than not, there has been persistent waul about the responsibility of intellectual attainment in the school system. This cry does not include only students act in the rural area but in the urban as well.see moreschool facilities in the philippinesEnvironment according to Oxford Advanced dictionary is the natural conditions like land, air and water, in which people, animals and plants live and also circumstances affecting their life. Environment can be physical or psychological. Physical environment deals with material aspects such as infrastructure, availability of resource facilities. The psychological environment includes the sign, school community and significantly other people in our lives such as parents, peers and siblings. The quality of our home is very significant some have a history or tradition of formal education and modern influences, while some are not so well equipped. The gad make fors, resources and facilities in both(prenominal) types of home lead influence the learning processes of children born in these homes. Studies have shown that if a child lives in an deprive environment for the first four years of life, he is likely to lose as many as, in reading knowledge and skills, general knowledge and skills. The environment provides the necessary conditions for both physical and intellectual growth. The African child has often been hand capped by ill-health, lack of motivation, nutritional deficiencies, and unfaircriticism. This hampers his intellectual development considering as such treatment invariably result in negative self-concept. lieu is where the child, the parent or guardians live and from where the child set out to and fro to school.Home is first enduring environmental factor in promoting readiness for school work in the child. This is because parents or guardians in the home are children first teacher. From the daytime a child is born and begins to hear, he or she begins to develop literacy as parents and other caring adults and pre-school teachers speaks, play, sing and read to them. As a child he moves from infant to toddler and then to preschooler, he learns to be able to read, write, listen and speak. Early literacy development is a significant part of preparing children to achieve academically. Basic literacy activities that are associated with childrens engagement with texts and success in reading were i dentified by literacy police detectives (Dickinson and Tabors, 2001 Wasik and Band 2001) includes oral language development, which includes book reading, phoneme awareness activities (acquired through nursery rhymes jingles poetry, and books that book words with rhymes). And exposure to alphabet. The influence of parents especially, Mothers on children early literacy acquisition and subsequent school achievement is well documented in numerous studies (Trusty, 1998, Yan & Lin 2002 Godden & Ray 2003). seek shows that greater parental involvement in childrens learning positively affects the childs school performance including higher academic achievements (Mc Neal1999 Scribner, Lin 2003) and greater fond and emotional development. Parents not only provide high-priced learning experiences, and through talking with the child, sharing experiences and teaching but also help to organize a childs learning experiences. Also, children with richer home literacy environments demonstrate highe r levels of reading knowledge and skills than those low academic exposures. Psychologists have also discovered from various studies that heredity goes a long way to determine a childs intelligence and consequently the level of his academic performance in a apt(p) environment. Those children whose parents are noted for higher intelligence quotient are bound to inherent such traits through genetic transfer and such children are sometimes referred to as a chip of the old block. In conclusion, parents contribute a lot to the academic achievement of their children in school, it is assumed that students fromhomes that do not have absorb for education tend to perform poorly in their subjects like chemistry, Biology, English Language, Mathematics, Igbo language, physics. This is because they lack encouragement and incentives from parents which affect them negatively. in that locationfore, the home is expected to provide a good atmosphere to enhance students learning.Statement Of Problem Most people hold the view that home environment of a child affects his academic performance. Today, most parents are not highly involved in early academic acquisition of their children. In the home mothers are the first teachers, they are care giver and baby minder of the child during the critical period of their development, though fathers do as well (Brim hail and West, 1997 Gadson and Ray, 2003). The problem arises from the fact that the jobs of so many parents are so demanding and this may explain why they do not have ample time for their children. Some parents are either unable or refuse to provide the canonical need of the child due to the socio-economic attainment existing among the various homes in highly civilized areas and this also affect the academic performance in the school. more conflicting views have been expressed by various authors as the factors that are responsible for this poor standard of academic performance of secondary school students. fleck some blame t his poor performance on the government inadequacy in fulfilling all its obligation towards education. Others maintain that teachers are responsible for this state of affairs.The thrust of this project is to critically examine and analyze the effect of home background on the academic performance of students. Though this research carried out elsewhere, minuscule or no effort has been made in the past to carry-out this research in Enugu North Local Government of Enugu State. This work seek to investigate how the social occasion played by the home, directly or indirectly affects the students academic performance. To investigate this therefore, the following will be considered What is the mystery surrounding the disparities in performance of students from divergent homes, learning under the same school environments? Does the socio-economic status of the home have any considerable influence on students academic performance? What effect does the learning environmenthas on the educationa l achievement of students?Purpose Of Study1. To determine the extent of the effect of socio-economic status of parents on students academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area. 2. The conceive will look into the academic status of the parent and learn out whether it has any considerable influence on the students academic performance. 3.It will also consider to what extent the status of parents (at homes) provides visual aids for significant education achievement. 4. This will also examine how the school and home community influence the academic performance of the child in the Secondary school.Significance of the study.This study will give the government and parents the opportunity of knowing from the public how to deal with problems arising from home in relation to education. It will help the school and policy makers to find out the effects of home on the academic performance of student in secondary schools. The finding will also be of benefit to both teachers and guidance counselors in their respective planning for instance, establishing a relationship between the academic qualifications of parents, marital set- up of home, parents and children relationship and the academic performance of students. The study will go a long way to letting the authorizes concerned to be aware of the effects of socio-economic background on the students academic performance. cathode-ray oscilloscope of study.This research on the influence of the home background on the academic performance of students is carried out in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State.There are about fourteen (14) secondary school in this local government area. However, as a result of time factor, finance and transport constraints the researcher could not go round the secondary school in the local government area to carry out the findings.Consequently, ten (10) secondary were sampled, where the research beliefscould get authentic data for the proje ct